{"id":121,"date":"2018-09-01T18:31:47","date_gmt":"2018-09-01T18:31:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/stimup.org\/?page_id=121"},"modified":"2025-08-26T20:00:56","modified_gmt":"2025-08-26T20:00:56","slug":"s-p-a-e","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/stimup.org\/?page_id=121","title":{"rendered":"L\u00c5B-VISUALS"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center\">Lab Bench<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n<div class=\"alignwide-wrap\" data-block=\"columns\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide has-2-columns\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/stimup.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Lab-Bench-1-1-e1611722702932-edited.jpg?resize=584%2C393&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1339\" width=\"584\" height=\"393\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/stimup.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Lab-Bench-1-1-e1611722702932-edited.jpg?w=621&amp;ssl=1 621w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/stimup.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Lab-Bench-1-1-e1611722702932-edited.jpg?resize=300%2C202&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\">\n<p>Over last decades neuromodulation applications went beyond expectations and demonstrated that it can promote restoration after complete spinal cord injury, stroke and other conditions, besides already known effect on movement disorders. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We are studying the effects noninvasive and invasive stimulation on multiple pre-clinical models and extending the clinical research to inform sensitive neurophysiological assessment in selection of responsive to neuromodulation subjects and improve optimization of neurostimulation protocols. With the goal to cover the key principles of neuromodulation and neuronal repair, these efforts leading to the development of novel paradigms for prevention and treatment of SCI, neuropathic pain, for movement disorders, and other neurological conditions.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center\">Neuromodulation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n<div class=\"alignwide-wrap\" data-block=\"media-text\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide is-stacked-on-mobile\" style=\"grid-template-columns:70% auto\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"664\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/stimup.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-13-at-6.24.14\u202fPM.png?resize=1024%2C664&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1877 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/stimup.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-13-at-6.24.14\u202fPM.png?resize=1024%2C664&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/stimup.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-13-at-6.24.14\u202fPM.png?resize=300%2C194&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/stimup.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-13-at-6.24.14\u202fPM.png?resize=768%2C498&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/stimup.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-13-at-6.24.14\u202fPM.png?resize=1536%2C996&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/stimup.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-13-at-6.24.14\u202fPM.png?resize=2048%2C1327&amp;ssl=1 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p>Neuromodulation of the brain circuitry was successfully applied to treat movement disorders, psychiatric diseases, epilepsy, and many others. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Neuromodulation of the spinal cord helps to treat chronic pain and improve functions after spinal cord injury.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Clinical neuromodulation teams include neurosurgeons, neurologists, electrophysiologists, and other physicians who together coordinate optimal treatment strategy.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignfull\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\">\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center\">Basics of Spinal Cord Stimulation for SCI<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n<div class=\"alignwide-wrap\" data-block=\"columns\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide has-2-columns\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\">\n<h3 id=\"mce_91\">Spinal Cord Injury &amp; Central Pattern Generators (CPGs)<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\">\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/15523521\/\">Lavrov &amp; Cheng, 2004<\/a> <em>Activation of NMDA receptors is required for the initiation and maintenance of walking-like activity in the mudpuppy<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/18692523\/\">Lavrov &amp; Cheng, 2008<\/a> <em>Methodological optimization of applying neuroactive agents for the study of locomotor-like activity in the mudpuppies<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/27023006\/\">Lavrov et al., 2016<\/a> <em>Gap Junctions Contribute to the Regulation of Walking-Like Activity in the Adult Mudpuppy<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"alignwide-wrap\" data-block=\"embed\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed alignwide is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/n2zPoQC0yWA?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation\"><\/iframe><\/span>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n<div class=\"alignwide-wrap\" data-block=\"columns\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide has-2-columns\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\">\n<h3 id=\"mce_10\">Epidural Electrical Stimulation &amp; Intraspinal Electrical Stimulation<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\">\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/11763528\/\">Gerasimneko et al., 2001<\/a> <em>Initiation of locomotor activity in spinalized cats by epidural stimulation of the spinal cord<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/25446455\/\">Lavrov et al., 2015<\/a> <em>Activation of spinal locomotor circuits in the decerebrated cat by spinal epidural and\/or intraspinal electrical stimulation<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/28345483\/\">Shah &amp; Lavrov, 2017<\/a> <em>Spinal Epidural Stimulation Strategies: Clinical Implications of Locomotor Studies in Spinal Rats<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"alignwide-wrap\" data-block=\"embed\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed alignwide is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/UPffL1bY0kI?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation\"><\/iframe><\/span>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n<div class=\"alignwide-wrap\" data-block=\"columns\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide has-2-columns\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\">\n<h3 id=\"mce_64\">Basics of Neurorehabilitation<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\">\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/18022244\/\">Edgerton et al., 2007<\/a> <em>Training locomotor networks<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/18632941\/\">Ichiyama et al., 2008<\/a> <em>Step training reinforces specific spinal locomotor circuitry in adult spinal rats<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/19767747\/\">Courtine et al., 2009<\/a> <em>Transformation of nonfunctional spinal circuits into functional states after the loss of brain input<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/22591277\/\">Shah et al., 2012<\/a> <em>Variability in step training enhances locomotor recovery after a spinal cord injury<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"alignwide-wrap\" data-block=\"image\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"520\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/stimup.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-13-at-8.06.47\u202fPM.png?resize=1024%2C520&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1897\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/stimup.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-13-at-8.06.47\u202fPM.png?resize=1024%2C520&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/stimup.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-13-at-8.06.47\u202fPM.png?resize=300%2C152&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/stimup.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-13-at-8.06.47\u202fPM.png?resize=768%2C390&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/stimup.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-13-at-8.06.47\u202fPM.png?resize=1536%2C779&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/stimup.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-13-at-8.06.47\u202fPM.png?resize=2048%2C1039&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/stimup.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-13-at-8.06.47\u202fPM.png?w=2400&amp;ssl=1 2400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n<div class=\"alignwide-wrap\" data-block=\"columns\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide has-2-columns\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\">\n<h3 id=\"mce_70\">Spinal Cord Stimulation for Neuroprosthetics<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\">\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32410943\/\">Mikhaylov et al., 2020<\/a> <em>Neurohybrid Memristive CMOS-Integrated Systems for Biosensors and Neuroprosthetics<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1073858417699554\">Shah &amp; Lavrov, 2017<\/a> <em>Spinal Epidural Stimulation Strategies: Clinical Implications of Locomotor Studies in Spinal Rats<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/22691460\/\">Gad et al., 2012<\/a> <em>Forelimb EMG-based trigger to control an electronic spinal bridge to enable hindlimb stepping after a complete spinal cord lesion in rats<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/21841938\/\">Nandra et al., 2011<\/a> <em>Parylene-based microelectrode array implant for spinal cord stimulation in rats<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/abstract\/document\/4300401\">Rodger et al., 2007<\/a> <em>High-Density Flexible Parylene-Based Multielectrode Arrays for Retinal and Spinal Cord Stimulation<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"alignwide-wrap\" data-block=\"image\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"411\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/stimup.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-13-at-7.53.54\u202fPM.png?resize=1024%2C411&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1896\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/stimup.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-13-at-7.53.54\u202fPM.png?resize=1024%2C411&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/stimup.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-13-at-7.53.54\u202fPM.png?resize=300%2C120&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/stimup.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-13-at-7.53.54\u202fPM.png?resize=768%2C308&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/stimup.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-13-at-7.53.54\u202fPM.png?resize=1536%2C616&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/stimup.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-13-at-7.53.54\u202fPM.png?resize=2048%2C822&amp;ssl=1 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n<div class=\"alignwide-wrap\" data-block=\"heading\">\n<h4 class=\"alignwide\">Spinal Cord Bio-mechanical Properties and Penetrating Intraspinal Electrodes Implantation<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/kjI_AoF837E?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation\"><\/iframe><\/span>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/stimup.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Igor-withn-switch-1-SC.jpg?resize=720%2C497&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1333\" width=\"720\" height=\"497\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/stimup.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Igor-withn-switch-1-SC.jpg?w=796&amp;ssl=1 796w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/stimup.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Igor-withn-switch-1-SC.jpg?resize=300%2C207&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/stimup.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Igor-withn-switch-1-SC.jpg?resize=768%2C531&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"entry-summary\">\nLab Bench Over last decades neuromodulation applications went beyond expectations and demonstrated that it can promote restoration after complete spinal cord injury, stroke and other conditions, besides already known effect on movement disorders. We are studying the effects noninvasive and&hellip;\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/stimup.org\/?page_id=121\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &ldquo;L\u00c5B-VISUALS&rdquo;<\/span>&hellip;<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"templates\/no-intro.php","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"reykjavik-intro":false,"jetpack-portfolio-admin-thumb":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"igor","author_link":"https:\/\/stimup.org\/?author=1"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Lab Bench Over last decades neuromodulation applications went beyond expectations and demonstrated that it can promote restoration after complete spinal cord injury, stroke and other conditions, besides already known effect on movement disorders. We are studying the effects noninvasive and&hellip; Continue reading &ldquo;L\u00c5B-VISUALS&rdquo;&hellip;","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/PcryGM-1X","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/stimup.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/121"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/stimup.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/stimup.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stimup.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stimup.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=121"}],"version-history":[{"count":198,"href":"https:\/\/stimup.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/121\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2045,"href":"https:\/\/stimup.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/121\/revisions\/2045"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/stimup.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=121"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}